长白山天池火山天文峰黄色浮岩的岩相学与显微结构特征

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-4967.2013.02.014

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在长白山天池火口天文峰内壁发育数十m厚的爆炸式喷发堆积物,颜色各异.其中1套规模较大的黄色中弱熔结的粗粒浮岩空降堆积,堆积物碎屑粒径大,气孔大量发育,含有大粒径粗面岩岩块.文中对采于该套黄色堆积物的样品进行了全岩成分和显微结构特征分析,并与 "千年大喷发"的空降浮岩进行了对比.研究结果表明: 1)黄色浮岩与千年喷发的浮岩一样,属于碱性流纹岩,比千年喷发的灰白色浮岩略偏基性,可能由同一岩浆演化而来; 2)黄色浮岩呈泡沫状,由不同大小的气孔、气孔壁和少量斑晶组成,部分较大的圆形气孔沿斑晶周围发育,呈串珠状排列,流动特征明显,黄色浮岩的斑晶类型和气孔结构与千年喷发的灰白色浮岩类似; 3)已有扫描电镜和X射线衍射分析结果显示黄色浮岩中的长石参数与其他浮岩明显不同,可能是独立火山喷发事件的产物.上述岩石学证据表明,该套黄色堆积物是火山爆炸式喷发作用形成的浮岩空降堆积.

关键词: 长白山天池火山, 黄色浮岩, 岩相学, 显微结构

Abstract:

A series of deposits with tens of meters in thickness and in black,grey and yellow colors,from explosive eruptions in the Holocene,are developed at Tianwen peak,the north summit of Tianchi caldera of Changbaishan volcano. Among the deposits,a relatively large scale unit in yellow color,so-called "yellow pumice" by the previous studies,is characterized by coarse tephra and well-developed pores with large-sized trachyte blocks. In this study,we analyzed the petrographic and micro-textural features of the yellow pumice,as well as the grey pumice which is believed to be produced by the millennium eruption in 946 AD.Our results indicate that: 1)the yellow pumice can be classified into alkaline rhyolite as like the grey pumice,but is slightly more basaltic than the grey pumice,suggesting that they all are probably from the identical magma source; 2)remarkably similar as the grey pumice in texture,the yellow deposits are pumiceous with abundant pores in various sizes and few phenocrysts around which moniliform pores are well developed with typical flowing features; 3)parameters of feldspar of the yellow pumice from SEM and X-ray diffraction by predecessors are distinguishable from that of the other pumice,indicating that the yellow pumice is presumably produced by the isolated explosive eruption event. In all,our findings provide strongly petrographic evidences to support the conclusion that the yellow pumice deposits at Tianwen peak of the volcano summit are the product of an explosive eruption prior to the millennium eruption of Changbaishan volcano.

Key words: Changbaishan Tianchi volcano, yellow pumice, petrography, micro-texture

中图分类号:

P317.3

许建东, 于红梅, 赵波. 长白山天池火山天文峰黄色浮岩的岩相学与显微结构特征[J]. 地震地质, 2013, 35(2): 363-370.

XU Jian-dong, YU Hong-mei, ZHAO Bo. PETROGRAPHIC AND MICRO-TEXTURAL FEATURES OF THE YELLOW PUMICE AT TIANWEN PEAK OF CHANGBAISHAN TIANCHI VOLCANO[J]. SEISMOLOGY AND GEOLOGY, 2013, 35(2): 363-370.

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