卫星遥感技术在火山灰云监测中的应用

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-4967.2013.02.013

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在航空运输业蓬勃发展的背景下,火山喷发形成的火山灰云严重威胁着航空安全.遥感技术能够快速、准确获取地表和大气的变化信息,在火山活动监测中发挥着重要作用,逐渐成为火山灰云监测的重要手段.文中阐述了火山灰云对自然环境和航空安全的危害; 以火山灰云遥感监测平台为例,系统地介绍了火山灰云遥感监测的遥感传感器类型和监测方法的发展概况; 对中国火山灰云遥感监测的研究基础进行了评述; 最后,对火山灰云遥感监测的发展进行了展望和思考.

关键词: 火山灰云, 遥感监测, 航空安全, 综述

Abstract:

A large volcanic eruption can produce large amounts of volcanic ash,water vapor and heat,and form the volcanic ash cloud. The volcanic ash cloud is mainly composed of volcanic ash debris in diameter less than 2mm and gases including SO₂, H₂S,CO₂,the mixture of the two can form acidic aerosols which can stay in the atmosphere for a long time. It not only destructs the balance of earth's surface solar radiation and causes the depletion of the ozone layer,the greenhouse effect,air pollution,acid rain,anomalies of air temperature and precipitation,and other major global climate and environmental changes,but also damages and corrodes the structure of an aircraft,reduces the visibility and jams the radio communication system. The most serious problem is that the volcanic ash debris particles are capable of cooling and adhering to the aircraft engine blades after high-temperature melting,resulting in the flameout of aircraft engine. Under the background of globalization and the boom of air-transport industry,the volcanic ash cloud is a serious threat to aviation safety. Remote sensing technology can quickly and accurately obtain the information of the surface's and the atmosphere's changes,therefore it is playing an important role in monitoring volcanic activity. In recent years,with the advancement of sensor technology,the thermal infrared remote sensing technology has become an important means of monitoring the volcanic ash cloud. Currently,there have been a variety of remote sensors for volcanic ash cloud monitoring. Meanwhile,based on that,a series of volcanic ash cloud monitoring algorithms have also been developed for different remote sensors. However,most of the volcanic ash cloud monitoring algorithms have limitations of a low accuracy and a narrow scope. This paper tries to conduct a more comprehensive overview of the different types of remote sensors and the different algorithms for volcanic ash cloud monitoring. First,the damage of volcanic ash cloud to the natural environment and aviation safety is expounded; secondly,with the volcanic ash cloud remote sensing monitoring platform,this study systematically introduces the remote sensing sensor types of volcanic ash cloud remote sensing monitoring and the development situation of monitoring methods,and focuses on the moderate resolution imaging spectradiometer(MODIS)sensor which has better volcanic ash cloud monitoring effect; then,the research foundation of volcanic ash cloud remote sensing monitoring in China is reviewed; and finally the prospect and thoughts of their further development are discussed.

Key words: volcanic ash cloud, remote sensing monitoring, aviation safety, summarization

中图分类号:

P317.3

尹京苑, 沈迪, 李成范. 卫星遥感技术在火山灰云监测中的应用[J]. 地震地质, 2013, 35(2): 347-362.

YIN Jing-yuan, SHEN Di, LI Cheng-fan. APPLICATION OF SATELLITE REMOTE SENSING IN VOLCANIC ASH CLOUD MONITORING[J]. SEISMOLOGY AND GEOLOGY, 2013, 35(2): 347-362.

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