腾冲火山区地形地貌特征及断裂制约关系——卫片与DEM解译的认识

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-4967.2012.04.018

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

基于WorldView-2高分辨率遥感卫星影像及ASTER GDEM(V1)数字高程模型(DEM)数据,以ArcGIS和Global Mapper软件为平台,通过影像解译、地形高程、地表坡度及地形剖面等分析手段,对腾冲火山区火山地形地貌特征进行综合分析。研究表明,腾冲火山区存在多种地貌单元,文中根据不同地貌单元的影像特征,建立相应的遥感解译标志,并将区内新期喷发的、典型的火山地貌单元划分为4个类别。地表坡度及地形剖面分析显示,腾冲火山区地貌单元横向上地表起伏差异明显、坡度变化特征不一,纵向上存在明显分层,大致划分为4级地貌面,地形高程上呈现西高东低,中部高、南北低的特征,这主要与原始地貌、盆地构造演化及后期火山岩浆活动相关。区内SN向构造带为主的构造格局制约着火山的喷发展布特征,早期喷发的大六冲、小六冲等碎屑岩类火山,喷发动力极强,形成高耸山体,居于盆地中部,后期喷发的黑空山、大空山、马鞍山等熔岩类火山,喷发动力减弱,岩浆溢流为主,形成广阔的熔岩台地。盆地的演化及构造发育直接影响和制约火山活动的强弱,火山活动又进一步改造了盆地的地形地貌,形成了腾冲火山区现今的火山地貌特征。

关键词: 卫星影像, DEM, 地貌特征, 腾冲火山区

Abstract:

Based on WorldView-2 high-resolution satellite image and ASTER GDEM(V1)digital elevation model(DEM)data,the authors studied geomorphological characteristics of the Tengchong volcanic region by means of remote-sensing interpretation,topography-elevation analysis,surficial-slope analysis and terrain-section analysis,with ArcGis and Global Mapper. According to the results of the study,the Tengchong volcanic region has several kinds of geomorphic units which possess corresponding interpretation keys in satellite image,and the latest typical volcanic geomorphic unit can be divided into four categories. Topography-elevation and surficial-slope analysis show that there is obvious difference in surface relief of geomorphic units in the horizontal direction and the geomorphic surface can be vertically divided into four classes. Geographically,the terrain elevation of the basin is higher in west and centre than in east,north and south,which associates with the original landform,tectonic evolution and volcano-magmatic activities. The NS-trending tectonic belts in the study zone controlled the eruption and distribution of the volcanoes. Early pyroclastic volcanoes,such as Daliuchong and Xiaoliuchong,had strong eruption power and shaped towering mountains which cover the middle part of the basin,while the lava-type volcanoes,such as Heikongshan,Dakongshan and Maanshan,with a decreased eruption power,erupted mainly in the form of overflowing lava. On the whole,the structure and evolution of the basin directly controlled and restricted the volcanic activities. At the meantime,the volcanic process transformed the geographic and geomorphic conditions of the basin and shaped the modern volcanic landscape features.

Key words: WorldView-2 satellite image, DEM, geomorphic feature, Tengchong volcanic region

中图分类号:

P317.2

张柳毅, 李霓, 赵勇伟, 曹园园, 龚丽文. 腾冲火山区地形地貌特征及断裂制约关系——卫片与DEM解译的认识[J]. 地震地质, 2012, (4): 755-767.

ZHANG Liu-yi, LI Ni, ZHAO Yong-wei, CAO Yuan-yuan, GONG Li-wen. GEOMORPHIC CHARACTERISTICS AND FAULT RESTRICTION IN THE TENGCHONG VOLCANIC REGION——-INTERPRETATION BASED ON DEM AND TM DATA[J]. SEISMOLOGY AND GEOLOGY, 2012, (4): 755-767.

参考文献

从柏林,陈秋媛,张儒瑗,等.1994.中国滇西腾冲新生代火山岩的成因［J］.中国科学(B辑),24(4): 441-448.
CONG Bo-lin,CHEN Qiu-yuan,ZHANG Ru-yuan,et al.1994.Petrogenesis of Cenozoic volcanic rocks in Tengchong region of western Yunnan Province,China ［J］.Science in China(Ser B),37(10): 1264-1271.
樊祺诚,刘若新,魏海泉,等.1999.腾冲活火山的岩浆演化［J］.地质论评,45(增刊): 895-904.
FAN Qi-cheng,LIU Ruo-xin,WEI Hai-quan,et al.1999.The magmatic evolution of the active volcano in the Tengchong area ［J］.Geological Review,45(suppl): 895-904(in Chinese).
付碧宏,二宫芳树,董彦芳,等.2008.三维卫星遥感图像生成技术及其在第四纪构造地貌研究中的应用［J］.第四纪研究,28(2): 189-196.
FU Bi-hong,Yoshiki N,DONG Yan-fang,et al.2008.Generation of 3-dimensional perspective satellite imagery and its application on Quaternary geomorphological analysis ［J］.Quaternary Sciences,28(2): 189-196(in Chinese).
胡鹏,黄杏元,华一新.2002.地理信息系统教程［M］.武汉: 武汉大学出版社.
HU Peng,HUANG Xing-yuan,HUA Yi-xin.2002.The Course on Geographic Information Science ［M］.Wuhan: Wuhan University Press,Wuhan (in Chinese).
皇甫岗,姜朝松.2000.腾冲火山研究［M］.昆明: 云南科技出版社.
HUANGFU Gang,JIANG Chao-song.2000.Study on Tengchong Volcanic Activity ［M］.Yunnan Science & Technology Press,Kunming(in Chinese).
姜朝松.1998.腾冲新生代火山分布特征［J］.地震研究, 21(4): 309-319.
JIANG Chao-song.1998.Distribution characteristics of Tengchong volcano in the Cenozoic era ［J］.Journal of Seismological Research,21(4): 309-319(in Chinese).
姜朝松,周瑞琦,姚孝执.1998.腾冲火山断裂构造［J］.地震研究,21(4): 330-336.
JIANG Chao-song,ZHOU Rui-qi,YAO Xiao-zhi.1998.Fault structure of Tengchong volcano ［J］.Journal of Seismological Research,21(4): 330-336(in Chinese).
李福田,初禹,仲伟成.2003.内蒙古甘奎、诺敏-毕拉河火山群遥感解译的新认识［J］.国土资源遥感,(3): 20-24.
LI Fu-tian,CHU Yu,ZHONG Wei-cheng.2003.New remote sensing interpretation of volcanic groups in Gankui and Nuomin-Bilahe,Inner Mongolia ［J］.Remote Sensing for Land & Resources,(3): 20-24(in Chinese).
刘若新.2000.中国的活火山［M］.北京: 地震出版社.14-15.
LIU Ruo-xin.2000.Active Volcanoes in China ［M］.Seismological Press,Beijing.14-15(in Chinese).
刘少锋,王陶,张会平,等.2005.数字高程模型在地表过程研究中的应用［J］.地学前缘,12(1): 303-309.
LIU Shao-feng,WANG Tao,ZHANG Hui-ping,et al.2005.Application of digital elevation model to surficial process research ［J］.Earth Science Frontiers,12(1): 303-309(in Chinese).
龙恩,程维明,周成虎,等.2007.基于SRTM-DEM与遥感的长白山基本地貌类型提取方法［J］.山地学报,25(5): 557-565.
LONG En,CHENG Wei-ming,ZHOU Cheng-hu,et al.2007.Extraction of landform information in Changbai Mountains based on SRTM-DEM and TM data ［J］.Journal of Mountain Science,25(5): 557-565(in Chinese).
穆治国,佟伟,Cuitis G H.1989.腾冲火山活动的时代和岩浆来源问题［J］.地球物理学报,30(3): 261-270.
MU Zhi-guo,TONG Wei,Cuitis G H.1989.Times of volcanic activity and origin of magma in Tengchong geothermal area,west Yunnan Province ［J］.Acta Geophysica Sinica,30(3): 261-270(in Chinese).
王瑜.1999.西藏及腾冲地区晚新生代火山作用的构造背景［J］.地质论评,45(增刊): 905-913.
WANG Yu.1999.Tectonic setting of late Cenozoic volcanism in Tibet and Tengchong area,China ［J］.Geological Review,45(suppl): 905-913(in Chinese).
张会平,刘少锋,孙亚平,等.2006.基于SRTM-DEM区域地形起伏的获取及应用［J］.国土资源遥感,(1): 31-35.
ZHANG Hui-ping,LIU Shao-feng,SUN Ya-ping,et al.2006.The acquisition of local topographic relief and its application: An SRTM-DEM analysis ［J］.Remote Sensing for Land & Resources,(1): 31-35(in Chinese).

[1]	张波, 王爱国, 田勤俭, 葛伟鹏, 贾伟, 姚赟胜, 袁道阳. 基于ALOS-PALSAR DEM的山体阴影图识别断裂线性——以西秦岭地区为例[J]. 地震地质, 2022, 44(1): 130-149.
[2]	任光雪, 李传友, 吴传勇, 汪思妤, 张会平, 任治坤, 李新男. 东天山包尔图断裂带晚第四纪运动性质及形成机制[J]. 地震地质, 2019, 41(4): 856-871.
[3]	艾明, 毕海芸, 郑文俊, 尹金辉, 袁道阳, 任治坤, 陈干, 刘金瑞. 利用无人机摄影测量技术提取活动构造定量参数[J]. 地震地质, 2018, 40(6): 1276-1293.
[4]	汪思妤, 艾明, 吴传勇, 雷启云, 张会平, 任光雪, 李传友, 任治坤. 高分辨率卫星影像提取DEM技术在活动构造定量研究中的应用——以库米什盆地南缘断裂陡坎为例[J]. 地震地质, 2018, 40(5): 999-1017.
[5]	付博, 李志强, 陈杰, 范熙伟, 李晓丽, 李涛, 姚远, 刘耀辉. 微型无人机在2016年11月25日阿克陶M_W6.6地震中的应用探索[J]. 地震地质, 2018, 40(3): 672-684.
[6]	毕丽思, 何宏林, 徐岳仁, 魏占玉, 石峰, 孙浩越. 山西霍山山前断裂冲沟S-A双对数图、凹曲指数与陡峭指数的构造响应特征[J]. 地震地质, 2017, 39(6): 1158-1172.
[7]	邹小波, 袁道阳, 邵延秀, 刘兴旺, 张波, 杨海波. 采用立体像对和差分GPS揭示民乐-永昌隐伏断裂地表变形特征[J]. 地震地质, 2017, 39(6): 1198-1212.
[8]	杨海波, 杨晓平, 黄雄南, 黄伟亮, 罗佳宏. 移动摄影测量数据与差分GPS数据的对比分析——以祁连山北麓洪水坝河东岸断层陡坎为例[J]. 地震地质, 2016, 38(4): 1030-1046.
[9]	李新男, 李传友, 张培震, 王旭光, 章龙胜. 香山-天景山断裂带西段的运动性质变化及其成因机制[J]. 地震地质, 2016, 38(3): 732-746.
[10]	苏琦, 袁道阳, 谢虹. 祁连山-河西走廊黑河流域地貌特征及其构造意义[J]. 地震地质, 2016, 38(3): 560-581.
[11]	高明星, 陈桂华, 徐锡伟. 地貌参数指示的临潭-宕昌断裂带最新构造隆升差异与地震活动[J]. 地震地质, 2015, 37(3): 709-718.
[12]	魏占玉, Arrowsmith Ramon, 何宏林, 高伟. 基于SfM方法的高密度点云数据生成及精度分析[J]. 地震地质, 2015, 37(2): 636-648.
[13]	许冲, 徐锡伟, 沈玲玲, 窦帅, 吴赛儿, 田颖颖, 李西. 2014年鲁甸M_S6.5地震触发滑坡编录及其对一些地震参数的指示[J]. 地震地质, 2014, 36(4): 1186-1203.
[14]	张玲, 杨晓平, 魏占玉, 黄伟亮. 三维数据的二维可视化方法综述[J]. 地震地质, 2014, 36(1): 275-284.
[15]	高明星, 徐锡伟, 刘少峰. 西秦岭北缘-拉脊山两侧地貌差异及地貌演化[J]. 地震地质, 2013, 35(2): 222-233.