玉树地震滑坡分布调查及其特征与形成机制

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-4967.2012.01.006

地震地质 ›› 2012, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (1): 47-62.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4967.2012.01.006

玉树地震滑坡分布调查及其特征与形成机制

许冲, 徐锡伟, 于贵华

中国地震局地质研究所, 活动构造与火山重点实验室, 北京 100029

收稿日期:2011-03-23 修回日期:2011-09-29 出版日期:2012-03-30 发布日期:2012-05-07
通讯作者: 徐锡伟,研究员,E-mail:xiweixu@vip.sina.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(40821160550)资助

STUDY ON THE CHARACTERISTICS,MECHANISM, AND SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF YUSHU EARTHQUAKE TRIGGERED LANDSLIDES

XU Chong, XU Xi-wei, YU Gui-hua

Key Laboratory of Active Tectonics and Volcano, Institute of Geology, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing 100029, China

Received:2011-03-23 Revised:2011-09-29 Online:2012-03-30 Published:2012-05-07

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

2010年4月14日青海省玉树县发生了M_S 7.1地震。文中基于现场考察与遥感影像目视解译的方法,对玉树地震滑坡进行分析,并制作了玉树地震滑坡空间分布图。结果表明,该地震触发了约2 036处滑坡灾害,总面积约1.194km²;地震滑坡分布受主地表破裂控制作用强烈;滑坡类型多样,但以崩塌型滑坡为主;滑坡有5种成因机制:人工开挖坡脚型、地表水入渗致坡体震动滑动型、断裂错断震动型、震动型、后期冰雪融化或降雨入渗型;除地震主地表破裂外,还有许多坡体裂缝,主要分布在主地表破裂带SE端的SW盘,该部位在地震中受到了强烈的挤压作用。

关键词: 玉树地震, 地震滑坡, 地表破裂, 坡体裂缝

Abstract:

On April 14,2010 at 07:49 (Beijing time), a catastrophic earthquake with M_S 7.1 struck Yushu County, Qinghai Province, China. About 2036 landslides, covering an area of about 1.194km², were interpreted from aerial photographs and remote sensing imageries and verified by field check. And based on the above, the spatial distribution of the Yushu earthquake triggered landslides is presented in this paper. The distribution of the landslides was strongly dominated by main surface ruptures, and their types are varied, with the collapse-type landslide as the dominant. There are five genetic mechanisms of Yushu earthquake triggered landslides, they are: the slope-toe excavation type, the surface water infiltration induced slope slip type, the fault dislocation type, the shaking type, and post-quake snow melting and rainfall penetration type. Besides the main seismic surface ruptures, there are many slope fissures developed mainly on the SE end of the surface rupture zone on the SW wall, an area undergoing intensive compression in the earthquake.

Key words: Yushu earthquake, triggered landslides, surface rupture, slope fissures

中图分类号:

P642

许冲, 徐锡伟, 于贵华. 玉树地震滑坡分布调查及其特征与形成机制[J]. 地震地质, 2012, 34(1): 47-62.

XU Chong, XU Xi-wei, YU Gui-hua. STUDY ON THE CHARACTERISTICS,MECHANISM, AND SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF YUSHU EARTHQUAKE TRIGGERED LANDSLIDES[J]. SEISMOLOGY AND GEOLOGY, 2012, 34(1): 47-62.

参考文献

陈立春,王虎,冉勇康,等.2010.玉树M_S 7.1级地震地表破裂与历史大地震［J］.科学通报,55(13): 1200-1205.
CHEN Li-chun,WANG Hu,RAN Yong-kang, et al.2010. The M_S 7.1 Yushu earthquake surface rupture and large historical earthquakes on the Garze-Yushu Fault［J］.Chinese Science Bulletin,55(13): 1200-1205(in Chinese).
四川省气象局.2008."5.12"四川汶川大地震重灾区降水气候特征 .http: //www.scqx.gov.cn/qxkp/qxkj/2008090515400077.html.
Meteorological Bureau of Sichuan Province. 2008.Rainfall climatic characteristics in the most stricken area in the "5.12" Wenchuan big earthquake in Sichuan Province .http: //www.scqx.gov.cn/qxkp/qxkj/2008090515400077.html(in Chinese).
许冲,戴福初,陈剑,等.2009a.汶川M_S8.0地震重灾区次生地质灾害遥感精细解译［J］.遥感学报,13(4): 745-762.
XU Chong,DAI Fu-chu,CHEN Jian,et al.2009a.Identification and analysis of secondary geological hazards triggered by the magnitude 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake［J］.Journal of Remote Sensing,13(4): 745-762(in Chinese).
许冲,戴福初,姚鑫.2009b.汶川地震诱发滑坡灾害数量与面积［J］.科技导报,27(11): 79-81.
XU Chong,DAI Fu-chu,YAO Xin.2009b.Incidence number and affected area of Wenchuan earthquake-induced landslides［J］.Science & Technology Review,27(11): 79-81(in Chinese).
许冲,戴福初,徐锡伟.2010.汶川地震滑坡灾害研究综述［J］.地质论评,56(6): 860-874.
XU Chong,DAI Fu-chu,XU Xi-wei.2010.Wenchuan earthquake-induced landslides: An overview［J］.Geological Review,56(6): 860-874(in Chinese).
殷跃平.2008.汶川八级地震地质灾害研究［J］.工程地质学报,16(4): 433-444.
YIN Yue-ping.2008.Research on the geo-hazards triggered by Wenchuan earthquake,Sichuan［J］.Journal of Engineering Geology,16(4): 433-444(in Chinese).
殷跃平,张永双,马寅生,等.2010a.青海玉树M_S 7.1级地震地质灾害主要特征［J］.工程地质学报,18(3): 289-296.
YIN Yue-ping,ZHANG Yong-shuang,MA Yin-sheng,et al.2010a.Research on major characteristics of geohazards induced by the Yushu M_S 7.1 earthquake［J］.Journal of Engineering Geology,18(3): 289-296(in Chinese).
殷跃平,田廷山,李文渊,等.2010b.青海玉树地震地质灾害调查 .http: //www.gcdz.org/CN/article/downloadArticleFile.do?attachType=PDF&id=8550(in Chinese).
YIN Yue-ping,TIAN Ting-shan,LI Wen-yuan,et al.2010b.Investigation on Yushu earthquake triggered geological hazards .http: //www.gcdz.org/CN/article/downloadArticleFile.do?attachType=PDF&id=8550(in Chinese).
中国地震局地质研究所.2010.玉树7.1级地震断层地表破裂带和地质灾害调查报告 . http: //www.eq-igl.ac.cn/html/8a834a81158a15aa01158a1bbbd40003/_content/10_04/26/1272249728202.html(in Chinese).
Institute of Geology,China Earthquake Administration.2010.Investigation report of surface ruptures and geological hazards triggered by Yushu M_S 7.1 Earthquake . http: //www.eq-igl.ac.cn/html/8a834a81158a15aa01158a1bbbd40003/_content/10_04/26/1272249728202.html(in Chinese).
DAI Fu-chu,Xu Chong,YAO Xin,et al.2011.Spatial distribution of landslides triggered by the 2008 M_S 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake,China［J］.Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,40(4): 883-895.

[1]	王辽, 谢虹, 袁道阳, 李智敏, 薛善余, 苏瑞欢, 文亚猛, 苏琦. 结合野外考察的2022年门源M_S6.9地震地表破裂带的高分七号影像特征[J]. 地震地质, 2023, 45(2): 401-421.
[2]	吴中海, 白玛多吉, 叶强, 韩帅, 史亚然, 尼玛次仁, 高扬. 西藏阿里阿鲁错地堑系的第四纪活动性、最新同震地表破裂及其地震地质意义[J]. 地震地质, 2023, 45(1): 67-91.
[3]	李东臣, 任俊杰, 张志文, 刘亮. 基于高分辨率无人机影像的地震地表破裂半自动提取方法--以2021年M_S7.4青海玛多地震为例[J]. 地震地质, 2022, 44(6): 1484-1502.
[4]	李传友, 孙凯, 马骏, 李俊杰, 梁明剑, 房立华. 四川泸定6.8级地震--鲜水河断裂带磨西段局部发起、全段参与的一次复杂事件[J]. 地震地质, 2022, 44(6): 1648-1666.
[5]	姚生海, 盖海龙, 殷翔, 刘炜, 张加庆, 袁建新. 阿木尼克山山前地表破裂带与1962年6.8级地震关系的讨论[J]. 地震地质, 2022, 44(4): 976-991.
[6]	魏延坤, 陈晓利. 不同地震滑坡危险性评价方法的适用性探讨——以玛多M_S7.4地震为例[J]. 地震地质, 2022, 44(3): 590-603.
[7]	刘小利, 夏涛, 刘静, 姚文倩, 徐晶, 邓德贝尔, 韩龙飞, 贾治革, 邵延秀, 王焱, 乐子扬, 高天琪. 2021年青海玛多M_W7.4地震分布式同震地表裂缝特征[J]. 地震地质, 2022, 44(2): 461-483.
[8]	韩龙飞, 刘静, 姚文倩, 王文鑫, 刘小利, 高云鹏, 邵延秀, 李金阳. 2021年玛多M_W7.4地震震中区地表破裂的精细填图及阶区内的分布式破裂讨论[J]. 地震地质, 2022, 44(2): 484-505.
[9]	王文鑫, 邵延秀, 姚文倩, 刘静, 韩龙飞, 刘小利, 高云鹏, 王子君, 秦可心, 屠泓为. 基于摄影测量技术对玛多M_W7.4地震地表破裂特征的快速提取及三维结构的室内重建[J]. 地震地质, 2022, 44(2): 524-540.
[10]	姚文倩, 王子君, 刘静, 刘小利, 韩龙飞, 邵延秀, 王文鑫, 徐晶, 秦可心, 高云鹏, 王焱, 李金阳, 曾宪阳. 2021年青海玛多M_W7.4地震同震地表破裂长度的讨论[J]. 地震地质, 2022, 44(2): 541-559.
[11]	盖海龙, 李智敏, 姚生海, 李鑫. 2022年青海门源M_S6.9地震地表破裂特征的初步调查研究[J]. 地震地质, 2022, 44(1): 238-255.
[12]	梁宽, 何仲太, 姜文亮, 李永生, 刘泽民. 2022年1月8日青海门源M_S6.9地震的同震地表破裂特征[J]. 地震地质, 2022, 44(1): 256-278.
[13]	李占飞, 徐锡伟, 孟勇琦, 赵帅, 孙佳珺, 程佳, 李康, 康文君. 基于“吉林一号”高精度遥感数据研究华北地区最新构造变形样式——以夏垫断裂1679年三河-平谷地震地表破裂为例[J]. 地震地质, 2022, 44(1): 98-114.
[14]	梁子晗, 魏占玉, 庄其天, 孙稳, 何宏林. 基于高分辨率地形数据的富蕴M8.0地震地表破裂带精细特征[J]. 地震地质, 2021, 43(6): 1507-1523.
[15]	姚生海, 盖海龙, 殷翔, 李鑫. 青海玛多M_S7.4地震地表破裂带的基本特征和典型现象[J]. 地震地质, 2021, 43(5): 1060-1072.

玉树地震滑坡分布调查及其特征与形成机制

STUDY ON THE CHARACTERISTICS,MECHANISM, AND SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF YUSHU EARTHQUAKE TRIGGERED LANDSLIDES

PDF (PC)

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

参考文献

相关文章 15

编辑推荐

Metrics

本文评价