超低渗透率测量仪的测试标定及初步测量结果

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-4967.2011.03.020

地震地质 ›› 2011, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (3): 719-735.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4967.2011.03.020

超低渗透率测量仪的测试标定及初步测量结果

吴曼, 杨晓松, 陈建业

地震动力学国家重点实验室, 中国地震局地质研究所, 北京 100029

收稿日期:2011-04-11 修回日期:2011-06-07 出版日期:2011-09-29 发布日期:2011-12-16
通讯作者: 杨晓松,研究员,E-mail: xsyang@ies.ac.cn。
作者简介:吴曼,女,1985年生,中国地震局地质研究所构造地质学在读硕士研究生,现主要研究方向为高温高压岩石物理学,电话: 010-62009030,E-mail: wudawoman1985@163.com。
基金资助:
国家科技专项汶川地震断裂带科学钻探(WFSD)09课题、地震动力学国家重点实验室自主研究课题(LED2010A03)和地震行业科研专项(2008419012)共同资助。

THE CALIBRATION OF ULTRALOW PERMEABILITY MEASUREMENT APPARATUS AND PRELIMINARY EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS

WU Man, YANG Xiao-song, CHEN Jian-ye

State Key Laboratory of Earthquake Dynamics,Institute of Geology, China Earthquake Administration,Beijing 100029, China

Received:2011-04-11 Revised:2011-06-07 Online:2011-09-29 Published:2011-12-16

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

低渗-超低渗透率测量是流体渗流力学和岩石物理学研究领域的热点问题。断层带流体输运的定量化研究对于了解断层的力学性质和预测地下流体的流动具有重要意义。文中介绍了新研制的超低渗透率测量系统和工作原理。这套设备使用稳态法和目前逐渐流行的孔隙压力振荡法进行测量,其孔隙流体为蒸馏水和氮气,最高围压可达200MPa,孔隙压上限为40MPa。对该测量系统进行了参数标定,并给出了循环加载条件下典型砂岩的渗透率测量结果。对比了2种测量方法得到的结果,分析了产生差异的原因,比较了2种方法的特点和适用条件。探讨了孔隙压力变化对实验结果的影响,按照加载间隔计算了有效压力系数。结果发现有效压力系数依赖于加载路径。使用最小二乘法对所有数据进行拟合,求出了最优有效压力系数并获得渗透率和有效压力函数关系,为分析围压和孔隙压对渗透率的影响提供了依据。

关键词: 渗透率测量, 振荡法, 稳态法, 有效压力

Abstract:

The low-ultralow permeability measurement is one of the most important research topics in fluid mechanics and rock physics.Quantification of fluid transport through fault zones is critical for the understanding of fault mechanics and prediction of subsurface fluid flow.In order to obtain the information about the fluid-flow processes in seismogenic regions,we have designed and constructed a distilled water/gas-medium permeability measurement apparatus capable of achieving ultralow permeability.The new measurement apparatus has used steady-state method and pore pressure oscillation method,which has become very popular recently because of its continuous measurement during processes that might alter the pore space of rocks and can measure samples with different permeability magnitude fast and precisely,thus producing a basic environment in which the confining pressure reaches 200MPa by water,pore pressure reaches 40MPa either by water or gas at room temperature.In this paper,we have introduced some calibrating parameters in pore pressure oscillation method and given the experimental results on typical sandstones under seasonal cycle conditions.Our experimental results have showed that: (1)permeability by pore pressure oscillation method decreases with cyclic numbers slightly while permeability by steady state method decreases markedly; (2)we have used empirical power law to fit the experimental values and the accuracy to pore pressure oscillation method is extremely high.We also have compared the results of the two different methods and found that pore pressure oscillation permeability is slightly larger than steady state permeability.Finally,we discussed the reasons that generate the discrepancy due to the method applied.Then we did some preliminary research on the pore pressure,and calculated effective pressure coefficent at intervals during the cycles.Large hysteresis in permeability has been observed,and effective pressure coefficient has been found to be loading path-dependent.At last,we used the least square method on all experimental data to get the optimal effective pressure coefficient to make the best correlation between the permeability and the effective pressure.

Key words: permeability measurement, pore pressure oscillation method, steady-state method, effective pressure

中图分类号:

P315.72⁺3

吴曼, 杨晓松, 陈建业. 超低渗透率测量仪的测试标定及初步测量结果[J]. 地震地质, 2011, 33(3): 719-735.

WU Man, YANG Xiao-song, CHEN Jian-ye. THE CALIBRATION OF ULTRALOW PERMEABILITY MEASUREMENT APPARATUS AND PRELIMINARY EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS[J]. SEISMOLOGY AND GEOLOGY, 2011, 33(3): 719-735.

参考文献

陈颙,黄庭芳,刘恩儒.2009.岩石物理学［M］.合肥:中国科学技术大学出版社.
CHEN Yong,HUANG Ting-fang,LIU En-ru.2009.Rock Physics ［M］.Press of University of Science and Technology of China,Hefei(in Chinese).
杨琼,聂孟喜,宋付权.2004.低渗透砂岩渗流启动压力梯度［J］.清华大学学报: 自然科学版,44(12): 1650-1652.
YANG Qiong,NIE Meng-xi,SONG Fu-quan.2004 Threshold pressure gradient of low permeability sandstone ［J］.J Tsinghua Univ(Sci & Tech),44(12): 1650-1652(in Chinese).
Al-Wardy W,Zimmerman R W.2004.Effective stress law for the permeability of clay-rich sandstones ［J］.J Geophys Res,109(B4): B04203.
Bernabe Y,Brace W F,Evans B.1982.Permeability,porosity and pore geometry of hot-pressed calcite ［J］.Mechanics of Materials,1(3): 173-183.
Bernabe Y.1986.The effective pressure law for permeability in Chelmsford granite and Barre granite ［J］.International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences & Geomechanics Abstracts,23(3): 267-275.
Bernabe Y.1987.The effective pressure law for permeability during pore pressure and confining pressure cycling of several crystalline rocks ［J］.J Geophys Res,92(B1): 649-657.
Berryman J G.1992a. Exact effective-stress rules in rock mechanics ［J］.Physical Review A,46(6): 3307-3311.
Berryman J G.1992b. Effective stress for transport properties of inhomogeneous porous rock ［J］.J Geophys Res,97(B12): 17409-17424.
Brace W F,Walsh J B,Frangoes W T.1968.Permeability of granite under high pressure ［J］.J Geophys Res,73(6): 2225-2236.
Brace W F.1980.Permeability of crystalline and argillaceous rocks ［J］.International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences & Geomechanics Abstracts,17(5): 241-251.
Cowan R D.1961.Proposed method of measuring thermal diffusivity at high temperatures ［J］.Journal of Applied Physics,32(7): 1363-1370.
Faulkner D R and Rutter E H.2000.Comparisons of water and argon permeability in natural clay-bearing fault gouge under high pressure at 20℃ ［J］.J Geophys Res,105(B7): 16415-16426.
Fischer G J.1992.The Determination of Permeability and Storage Capacity: Pore Pressure Oscillation Method ［M］.Fault Mechanics and Transport Properties of Rocks,Chapter 8.Academic Press.
Fischer G J,Paterson M S.1992.Measurement of Permeability and Storage Capacity in Rocks during Deformation at High Temperature and Pressure ［M］.Fault Mechanics and Transport Properties of Rocks,Chapter 9.Academic Press.
Ghabezloo S,Sulem J,Guedon S,et al.2009.Effective stress law for the permeability of a limestone ［J］.International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,46(2): 297-306.
Hsieh P A,Tracy J V,Neuzil C E,et al.1981.A transient laboratory method for determining the hydraulic properties of 'tight' rocks-Ⅰ.Theory ［J］.International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences & Geomechanics Abstracts,18(3): 245-252.
Kranz R L,Saltzman J S,Blacic J D.1990.Hydraulic diffusivity measurements on laboratory rock samples using an oscillating pore pressure method ［J］.International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences & Geomechanics Abstracts,27(5): 345-352.
Kwon O,Andreas K,Kronenberg,et al.2001.Permeability of Wilcox shale and its effective pressure law ［J］.J Geophys Res,106(B9): 19339-19353.
Li M,Bernabe Y,Xiao W Ⅰ,et al.2009.Effective pressure law for permeability of E-bei sandstones ［J］.J Geophys Res,114(B7): B07205.
Morrow C A,Chong Z B,Byerlee J D.1986.Effective pressure law for permeability of Westerly granite under cyclic loading ［J］.J Geophys Res,91(B3): 3870-3876.
Neuzil C E,Cooley C,Silliman S E,et al.1981.A transient laboratory method for determining the hydraulic properties of 'tight' rocks-Ⅱ.Application ［J］.International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences & Geomechanics Abstracts,18(3): 253-258.
Nur A and Byerlee J D.1971.An exact effective stress law for elastic deformation of rock with fluids ［J］.J Geophys Res,76(26): 6414-6419.
Walsh J B.1981.Effect of pore pressure and confining pressure on fracture permeability ［J］.International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences & Geomechanics Abstracts,18(5): 429-435.
Warpinski N R,Teufel L W.1992.Determination of the effective-stress law for permeability and deformation in low-permeability rocks ［J］.SPE formation evaluation,7(2): 123-131.
Zhu W,Wong T F.1997.The transition from brittle faulting to cataclastic flow: Permeability evolution ［J］.J Geophys Res,102(B2): 3027-3041.

[1]	唐彦东, 刘春平, 廖欣, 石云, 万飞. 小江断裂带中段和南段井水位变化与形变分析[J]. 地震地质, 2013, 35(3): 553-564.
[2]	车用太, 何案华, 鱼金子, 刘成龙, 李万明. 金沙江水网各观测井温度梯度的精细测量结果及其分析[J]. 地震地质, 2011, 33(3): 615-626.
[3]	李万明, 车用太, 刘成龙, 鱼金子, 何案华. 金沙江水网及其地震地下水前兆监测能力的讨论[J]. 地震地质, 2011, 33(3): 627-643.
[4]	高玲, 邢成起. 北京五里营井流体前兆观测到的两次异常及讨论[J]. 地震地质, 2011, 33(3): 644-652.
[5]	张常慧, 李海孝, 张彦青, 宋晓冰. 面临断流的高温热水井的技术改造及其观测效果[J]. 地震地质, 2011, 33(3): 653-659.
[6]	刘耀炜, 任宏微, 张磊, 付虹, 孙小龙, 何德强, 余怀忠, 周志华, 张国盟. 鲁甸6.5级地震地下流体典型异常与前兆机理分析[J]. 地震地质, 2015, 37(1): 307-318.

超低渗透率测量仪的测试标定及初步测量结果

THE CALIBRATION OF ULTRALOW PERMEABILITY MEASUREMENT APPARATUS AND PRELIMINARY EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS

PDF (PC)

可视化

被引次数

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

参考文献

相关文章 6

编辑推荐

Metrics

本文评价